Life Insurance FAQ

Many financial experts consider life insurance to be the cornerstone of sound financial planning. It can be an important tool in the following situations:

• Replace income for dependents
  If people depend on your income, life insurance can replace that income for them if you die. The most commonly recognized case of this is parents with young children. However, it can also apply to couples in which the survivor would be financially stricken by the income lost through the death of a partner, and to dependent adults, such as parents, siblings or adult children who continue to rely on you financially. Insurance to replace your income can be especially useful if the government or employer-sponsored benefits of your surviving spouse or domestic partner will be reduced after your death.
• Pay final expenses
  Life insurance can pay your funeral and burial costs, probate and other estate administration costs, debts and medical expenses not covered by health insurance.
• Create an inheritance for your heirs
  Even if you have no other assets to pass on to your heirs, you can create an inheritance by buying a life insurance policy and naming them as beneficiaries.
• Pay federal "death" taxes and state "death" taxes
  Life insurance benefits can pay estate taxes so that your heirs will not have to liquidate other assets or take a smaller inheritance. Changes in the federal "death" tax rules between now and January 1, 2011 will likely lessen the impact of this tax on some people, but some states are offsetting those federal decreases with increases in their state-level "death" taxes.
• Make significant charitable contributions
  By making a charity the beneficiary of your life insurance, you can make a much larger contribution than if you donated the cash equivalent of the policy's premiums.
• Create a source of savings
  Some types of life insurance create a cash value that, if not paid out as a death benefit, can be borrowed or withdrawn on the owner's request. Since most people make paying their life insurance policy premiums a high priority, buying a cash-value type policy can create a kind of "forced" savings plan. Furthermore, the interest credited is tax deferred (and tax exempt if the money is paid as a death claim).

• Term Life Insurance
  Term Insurance is the simplest form of life insurance. It pays only if death occurs during the term of the policy, which is usually from one to 30 years. Most term policies have no other benefit provisions. There are two basic types of term life insurance policies-level term and decreasing term.
  • Level Term
    Level Term means that the death benefit stays the same throughout the duration of the policy.
  • Decreasing Term
    Decreasing Term means that the death benefit drops, usually in one-year increments, over the course of the policy’s term.
• Whole/Permanent Life Insurance
  

  Whole life or permanent insurance pays a death benefit whenever you die-even if you live to 100! There are three major types of whole life or permanent life insurance-traditional whole life, universal life, and variable universal life, and there are variations within each type.

  In the case of traditional whole life, both the death benefit and the premium are designed to stay the same (level) throughout the life of the policy. The cost per $1,000 of benefit increases as the insured person ages, and it obviously gets very high when the insured lives to 80 and beyond. The insurance company could charge a premium that increases each year, but that would make it very hard for most people to afford life insurance at advanced ages. So the company keeps the premium level by charging a premium that, in the early years, is higher than what’s needed to pay claims, investing that money, and then using it to supplement the level premium to help pay the cost of life insurance for older people.

In most cases, if you have no dependents and have enough money to pay your final expenses, you don't need any life insurance. If you want to create an inheritance or make a charitable contribution, buy enough life insurance to achieve those goals. If you have dependents, buy enough life insurance so that, when combined with other sources of income, it will replace the income you now generate for them, plus enough to offset any additional expenses they will incur to replace services you provide (for a simple example, if you do your own taxes, the survivors might have to hire a professional tax preparer).

Also, your family might need extra money to make some changes after you die. For example, they may want to relocate, or your spouse may need to go back to school to be in a better position to help support the family. You should also plan to replace "hidden income" that would be lost at death. Hidden income is income that you receive through your employment but that isn't part of your gross wages. It includes things like your employer's subsidy of your health insurance premium, the matching contribution to your 401(k) plan, and many other "perks," large and small. This is an often-overlooked insurance need: the cost of replacing just your health insurance and retirement contributions could be the equivalent of $2,000 per month or more. Of course, you should also plan for expenses that arise at death. These include the funeral costs, taxes and administrative costs associated with "winding up" an estate and passing property to heirs. At a minimum, plan for $15,000.

Our Agency understands that each person has individual insurance needs. There is no set rule as to how much insurance you need to purchase. You need to decide how much life insurance you want to leave your dependents to carry on in your absence. You have to decide how much support you wish to provide. Many financial planning experts recommend 10 to 20 times your annual earnings. For business life insurance the amount is often even more. For many the answer is simply the amount makes you feel your family is safe.

Many pundits recommend buying life insurance equal to a multiple of your salary. For example, one financial advice columnist recommends buying insurance equal to 20 times your salary before taxes. She chose 20 because, if the benefit is invested in bonds that pay 5 percent interest, it would produce an amount equal to your salary at death, so the survivors could live off the interest and wouldn't have to "invade" the principal. However, this simplistic formula implicitly assumes no inflation and assumes that one could assemble a bond portfolio that, after expenses, would provide a 5 percent interest stream every year. But assuming inflation is 3 percent per year, the purchasing power of a gross income of $50,000 would drop to about $38,300 in the 10th year. To avoid this income drop-off, the survivors would have to "invade" the principal each year. And if they did, they would run out of money in the 16th year.

A beneficiary is the person or entity you name in a life insurance policy to receive the death benefit. You can name one person, two or more people, trustee of trust, a charity, or your estate. If you don’t name a beneficiary, the death benefit will be paid to your estate.